Social democracy as a force in contemporary britain

Social democracy as a force in contemporary britain In this essay I will attempt to firstly define Social Democracy and what advantages and disadvantages it brings to a state. Then I will move on to showing how Social Democracy is still existent within contemporary Britain through the means of public spending on education and benefits. I will explore Labours contemporary policies to show that Socialism is still present in Labour. However I will then explain how the Labour Party, which has its foundations in Socialism, has changed and moved towards the Third Party or New Labour which also values Capitalist aims. I will then argue that Britain is becoming more of a Capitalist state under New Labour and how globalisation has affected this. Giddens described social democracy as: Social Democracy moderate, parliamentary socialism built upon consolidating the welfare state. (Giddens. A, 1998, p4) He recognised how Social Democracy differed to Marxism. Social Democracy saw free market capitalism as producing many of the problematic effects Marx diagnosed, but believed these can be muted or overcome by state intervention. (Giddens. A, 1998, p8) The advantage of Social Democracy is that Socialism uses the welfare state to abolish exploitation within the market system and destroy the division of society in class groups. They aim to remove all inequalities whether its economic or political using state intervention when needed. (Przeworski. A, 1985, p29) This gives everyone an equal start in life. Giddens told of the state intervention as government intervening in family or individual life when needed. Social democracy saw that there was a vital need for state benefits to help those who are unable to fend for themselves. (Giddens. A, 1998, p9) The advantage of this is that it closes the income gap between the different classes. However Giddens coined the main disadvantage of a Social Democratic state. The economic theory of Socialism was always inadequate, underestimating the capacity of Capitalism to innovate, adapt and generate increasing productivity. Socialism failed to grasp the significance of markets as informational devices, providing essential data for buyers and sellers. (Giddens. A, 1998, p4-5) In the Labour revolution of 1945-1951 Britain was a planned economy, nationalised industry and expanded welfare state, a Social Democratic state. (Reitan.E.A, 2003, p27) However toward the 1970s Britain faced lowest productivity within the major industrial states, high unemployment and inflation. There was unwillingness of workers to move around to find employment. Managers were also slow in introducing technology that would improve productivity. (Reitan. E.A, 2003, p141) this shows that at that time the British state was unable to keep up with the market changes and generate increased productivity backing up Giddens claim that Socialism is unable to increase productivity and adapt to the market. (Giddens. A, 1998, p4-5) There are characteristics of the welfare state within contemporary Britain. We see the state still providing free education. Just recently there are reports saying that there have been increased spending on education. The figures showed that the spending has been increasing for more than 50 years. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8562405.stm The graph below shows the figures of increased public spending on education. Education spending (Derived from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8562405.stm) The graph shows how in the U.K. the state is spending money on education has increased from 50% to almost 140% in 2005-2006. Spending money on education in the UK will giving everyone an equal start in life and removing inequalities which are characteristics of a social democracy. (Przeworski. A, 1985, p29) Another demonstration of a Social Democracy within contemporary Britain is the benefit system. The British government provide benefits for those who are disabled, low income, unemployed, have dependent children, aged over 60, pregnant or recently had a child and those who are caring for another. http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/MoneyTaxAndBenefits/BenefitsTaxCreditsAndOtherSupport/index.htm This is a clear indicator of Socialist practise as they are using the welfare state to eliminate the inequalities within a state. (Przeworski. A, 1985, p29) By providing people who are less off with benefits it closes the gap that Capitalism has created for them. (Giddens. A, 1998, p8) Britains current government Labour still has policies that are indicators of Social Democracy. We want to rebuild trust in politicsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦put more power in the hands of individual citizens so that they can influence the decisions which affect themselves, their families and local communities http://www.labour.org.uk/democracy_and_citizenship This aims to equal chances to voice individual opinions. This ensures that power isnt just given to a certain class and that it is equally distributed between the classes. http://www.labour.org.uk/democracy_and_citizenship There are also ways of creating equality between genders. Introduced the National Minimum Wage two thirds of the beneficiaries are women and it has played a substantial part in narrowing the gender pay gap. http://www.labour.org.uk/Equalities Labour believes everyone is entitled to equality. They aim to be fair to those regardless of gender, disability, sexual orientation, age, race, religion or belief. http://www.labour.org.uk/Equalities This demonstrates Social Democracys existence within contemporary Britain. But there are clear indicators that the British state is moving away from Socialism. Currently Britain is under the Labour Party governance. Social Democracy essentially underpins the British Labour Party with the Labour Parties motto A future fair for all. http://www.labour.org.uk/future-fair-for-all This clearly indicates that their main aim is for equality within the British state. However there has been speculation. The evidence shows that labour has become split into two clearly differentiated constituencies: those with secure employment (insiders) and those without (outsiders). http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/politicalscience/9780199216352/toc.html?q= There has been speculation that theres a new labour party. This was seen arising when Blair was in power. The new labour seemed to embrace capitalism and abandoned classical social democracy for the third way revised social democracy. (Driver. S, Martell. L, 2006, p26) The Third Way was used to mark out Labours departure from the politics of the Social Democratic state, signifying a reconfiguration of relationships between the economy and state. (Newman. J, 2001, p40) The Third Way is in favour of growth, entrepreneurship, and enterprise and wealth creation. It also values social justice. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/458626.stm However we see how the Labour Party who once was based on Social Democracy edge away and heading towards Capitalism. However does contemporary Britain still value social justice over Capitalism under the Third Way? In recent times we see lowered public spending. Weve already spent  £4bn less on unemployment benefits and income support for the unemployed than was anticipated. Comment Alistair Darling to the BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8406670.stm We see lowered welfare spending which raises questions about Labours a fair future for all. However New Labour sees this less as a social right and more about personal responsibility and social duty. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/politicalscience/9780199266722/acprof-9780199266722-chapter-2.html?q=#acprof-9780199266722-chapter-2 This clearly shows how the Third Way governance is prioritising economic issues over social issues. The contemporary British state however has many characteristics of a Capitalist state. Globalisation has also contributed to the breakdown of welfare state in contemporary Britain. We see now that due to globalisation instead of business fighting over market share but now we see states fighting. States remain interested in survival at the very least, and pursuing power at the most. (Aydinli. E, Rosenau. J.N, 2005, p127) Globalisation is described as the denationalisation of politics (Aydinli. E, Rosenau. J.N, 2005, p127) which essentially means that states are no longer deciding policies that benefit them but in fact they make policies that suit globalisation. The emergence of a global market economy and the need for global competitiveness have handed neo liberalism a powerful new weapon with which to contain and neutralise the counter pressures of domestic politics. (Mishra. R, 1999, p3) There is also the belief of the hyperglobalisation thesis where states believe that if their state does not increase incentives for businesses to invest in their state businesses will go elsewhere. States are constantly competing for foreign investment. Therefore they lower corporation tax to increase the incentive. (Ravenhill. J, 2008, p343) So now we see states producing policies that are business friendly. State aims are to lower inflation and a steady currency which is argued to attract businesses as lower inflation would mean lower raw materials for businesses and steady currency means there is less of a risk for the business to be exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates. (Mishra. R, 1999, p5) States constantly fighting over investment has caused them to jeopardise domestic policies. The incremental tightening of domestic environmental policies has sometimes been delayed or blocked for the fear of incurring economic competitive disadvantages. (Holden. B, 2000, p186) This shows that states are more concerned about economic growth and not about equality within the social classes. Not surprisingly a higher level of insecurity, poverty and equality has become accepted in many countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the retreat from the mixed economy and the welfare state is visible everywhere with the Anglo Saxon countries leading the way. (Mishra. R, 1999, p3) A good demonstration of the British state favouring Capitalism over Socialism is recently to the bank crisis. We see the state pouring money into the financial sector instead of using it to close the gap of inequality. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7666570.stm It could also be argued that the states increase spending in education http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8562405.stm is purely for Capitalist reasons. Better-educated workers are likely to be more productive at their own jobs; they may, at the same time, raise the productivity of their colleaguesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦their importance has valuable implications for the role of public financing as well as for the organisation of education. (Miles. D, Myles. G.D, Preston. I, 2003, p121) States invest in human capital to make their domestic workforce more productive. They also benefit an increase in technological progress. States with high economic activity are generally those with a state financed education system. (Miles. D, Myles. G.D, Preston. I, 2003, p121) This can be used to argue that Britains public spending on education is purely for Capitalist reasons and not Socialist. Therefore indicating Britains welfare system is Capitalist based. In conclusion I think the British state still had characteristics of a social democracy but with the changes in the economy due to globalisation states has started to prioritise the market over social equality. The contemporary British state produces too many policies that are Capitalist friendly and they have became even clearer with the recent recession. We see Britain moving away from a Social Democratic state towards a more market driven Capitalist state.

Electronic Communication Essay

The effect of electronic communication on everyday publication has increased the impact of mass communication, the change from verbally talking face to face and receiving and sending important things quicker. Some of the earliest forms of communication devices included runners and pigeons. With these communication devices, a message could take weeks before reaching its destination. Thanks to technology, all you have to do these days is send an email and your message will reach its destination within minutes. Email, social networking websites, instant messaging, cell phones and blogs are a few examples of communication devices that have been made possible by technology. Communication utilizing technology is referred to as â€Å"mediated communication.† Talking on a cell phone, sending an email and watching television all require a technological element to deliver the message. â€Å"Technology is constantly offering new methods for communication; therefore the amount of mediate d communication in our lives is expanding. The term â€Å"mass communication† refers to any message that is shared with a large audience.† (Lane). The message may be limited to a specific time or accessible over a large time period. Frequently, mass communication requires the use of some form of technology, especially for enduring messages. However, mediated communication is not always mass communication. Talking on a cell phone or sending a personal email does not involve providing a large number of people with a message. Receiving a mass email, watching the news or visiting an Internet site are all examples of mediated communication that is also mass communication. This has resulted in the emergence of the term â€Å"mediated mass communication.† Media convergence plays an important role in the evolution of mass communication. Media convergence occurs when established forms of communication technology merge to create new technologies offering new methods of com munication. The advent of the Internet allowed newspapers and magazines to merge with computer technology to increase the frequency and ease of reporting information to readers. E-readers, such as Amazon’s Kindle, combine the medium of books with both electronic display technology and cell phone-based Internet technology to offer convenient new methods of reading. As forms of media converge, previously unavailable methods for communication emerge, changing the way we send and receive messages. Every day we are exposed to numerous sources of mass communication. Television, billboards, Internet advertisements and various other sources of mediated mass communication pervade our lives daily. Due to this level of immersion, many communication scholars have studied the potential effects of media consumption on the lives of viewers. Two areas of affect emerged through these studies: cultures and individuals. George Gerbner’s Cultivation theory states that extensive exposure to television programming leads to cultures believing in increased violence and crime. Going further into cultural studies, critical media theorists believe that mass communication messages reinforce repressive ideas of power over those exposed to them. Theories regarding individual exposure to media tend to address the role viewers play in the message exchange. Uses and Gratifications theory maintains that we, as media consumers, have a choice over the media we consume and, therefore, exert power over what mass communication exists. Agenda Setting theory places more power over the media provider, suggesting that those providing the media message can determine what is considered important in our lives. Frequent examples of mediated mass communication in our lives, as well as theories that suggest the powerful effect they have on our lives, require us to be more discerning consumers of mediated mass communication. Considering the message, the technology being used to communicate it, the sources of the message and ourselves as the audience are all critical to successfully receiving mediated mass communication messages while minimizing the potential for harmful effects on our lives. Technology will continue to move forward, and with it so will the methods we have for communicating. The onset of social networking technologies ushered in another era of communication in our lives, not only increasing the ways that we can communicate with each other, but increasing the opportunities we have for receiving mass communication messages. As technology evolves, our society will continue to develop new ways to convey messages to each other. Taking time to consider the effects of technology on our ability to communicate, and the potential influences those methods will have on our lives, is crucial as we move forward.

Top Fifth Grade Expository Essay Samples Tips!

Top Fifth Grade Expository Essay Samples Tips! Top Fifth Grade Expository Essay Samples Choices A draft is a sign of the way in which a student is well conversant with a topic and the possible audience. Look closely at your language as it ought to be eerror-free Imagine your essay is a precious stone and produce all its faces shine using an easily readable and authentic language. The very first step is understanding what sort of expository essay you're likely to write. The most essential part of planning out an expository writing essay is to develop a complicated analytical question and produce a strong thesis that gives a response to your question. The Fifth Grade Expository Essay Samples Cover Up Essay writing provides a great deal of benefits to students in the academe. In other words, an expository essay explores all angles of a certain topic in a bid to teach the audience something they may not know. The majority of the moment, expository essays are presented by offeri ng a wide variety of topics and methods to bring up the idea. If you're going to compose an expository essay, be ready to devote much time hitting books. As soon as you find something which interests you then it's possible to research just that particular topic to discover more info. In addition, there are times when you really feel like you don't wish to write something. From its name, you might guess you should have a very clear picture of a specific thing so as to supply your reader with a very clear and concise explanation. Expository writing is utilised to inform. It is usually done to inform the readers or explain a certain topic. It is also the most frequent type of academic writing! Expository essay writing isn't a tough task in regards from the center of the writer. The Do's and Don'ts of Fifth Grade Expository Essay Samples An essay needs to be clear and unbiased. While writing an essay, it's important to structure it correctly. It will be less difficult to compose an expository essay according to a thorough plan. At any t ime you compose an expository essay, you have to make sure which you're doing enough planning before you frame the last version of the essay. Pick the one that you liek to compose an ideal expository essay! At times, you'll be requested to compose an expository essay outline. The Pain of Fifth Grade Expository Essay Samples Descriptive essays are highly original because you've got a fantastic liberty of choice in regard to the content. Samples are a really good source of reference. Make sure the sample has a bibliography list, which means you can check the provided data and data. Fifth Grade Expository Essay Samples - the Story The cost of an essay is dependent upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. For example, you might have a particular kind of essay to fulfill for an assignment that doesn't require that you pick a topic, or as detailed above, you presently have a subject in mind and have to decide on the best way to present it and which essay format would be better to use. Your analytical question is fundamentally the thought that you would like to investigate in your essay. You should begi n your work with an introduction in which you explain the primary goal of your essay to readers. If you would like your expository essay to acquire high grades and grab interest of the audience, you need to always opt for the topic you want. Film how to stay awake doing homework long turned into one of the most common forms of entertainment. Therefore, if you'd like to have nontrivial expository essay topic that demands thorough research, choose something which refers to a technological region of study. Here's What I Know About Fifth Grade Expository Essay Samples If you already understand how to compose a narrative essay, you also be aware that the introduction is the initial and most important portion of any written assignment. Introduction, body and conclusion are the 3 chief components of an essay that you have to concentrate on to compose an explanatory essay. Even when you have never written an expository essay before, you will observe that it's quite similar to other kinds of papers. You've learned main targets and types of expository essay. Composition of the essay is very important to compose an effective essay. Unless you pick a subject that's adequate for an expository essay, your paper might not be prosperous.

Internship Report on Foreign Remittance Activities of...

CHAPTER-04 OPERATION OF FOREIGN REMITTANCE IN NBL KAWRAN BAZAR BRANCH 4.1 FOREIGN EXCHANGE: Foreign Exchange Department is the international department of a bank. It deals globally. It facilities international trade through the various modes of services it possess. If the branch is an authorized dealer in foreign exchange market, it can remit foreign exchange from home country to foreign countries. The department mainly deals with foreign currencies. Hence it is called foreign exchange department. The department brides with the export, import and foreign remittance. Following flow chart depicts the multifarious functions usually done by the FED. Chart: multifarious functions usually done by the FED 4.2 FOREIGN REMITTENCE The†¦show more content†¦He A/C holder may deposit currency notes, Traveler’s cheque, drafts etc. brought into Bangladesh. Both the A/C holder and nominee can operate the A/C. The nominee can withdraw every dollar from the A/C but he/she can not deposit foreign currency in this A/C. Foreign currency can be remitted to aboard from this A/C but no business deal can be done using this account. 4.3.1.2 Residential F/C deposit A/C (RFCD): Only Bangladesh resident can be open this type of A/C with foreign currency brought in by the time of their return to Bangladesh from traveling a country. Any amount brought in with it with declaration to custom authorities on from â€Å"FMJ† can deposited in this A/C (amount below $5000 no need to declaration). But processed from export or any service from Bangladesh would not be deposited here. Foreign currencies of their foreign travels (i.e. cash endorsement in passport and ticket) up to $300 in the from of cash and reminders can be issued in the traveler’s cheque. 4.3.1.3 Non-Resident F/C deposit A/C (NFCD): It is an interested term deposit A/C. This A/C can be opened for 1/3/6/12 months or more basis auto renewal term. All non –resident Bangladeshi nationals and persons of Bangladeshi origin including who have duel nationality and having nationality but working aboard can open this A/C at the time on their return to Bangladesh. This A/CShow MoreRelatedInternship Report on One Bank13005 Words   |  53 Pages Origin of the Report This internship report is generated under the supervision of Ms. Nadia Farhana Asst. Professor and Head of Marketing Department of Business Administration in North South University . This internship report is required to fulfill award of BBA Degree. The topic of this report is â€Å"General Banking Activities of one Bank Limited and Its Impact on Economic Development of Bangladesh†.A Case Study on ONE Bank Limited. 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Testing Students with Disabilities in Kentucky Schools Essays

Students with disabilities are increasingly being included in large scale, high-stakes testing programs despite inadequate accommodations. In recent years, the school system has increased pressure on students in regards to testing. In the past, Kentucky has done a poor job of including impaired students in its statewide assessments; mainly in failing to provide the mandated accommodations for disabled students. In order to help these students with their learning skills, test scores, appropriate testing accommodations and the performance of students with disabilities. Results indicate that most Kentucky students have been included in the CATS assessment, but many the scores obtained from disabled students may not be reliable due to†¦show more content†¦However, Kentucky did not collect information on the use of two other common accommodations: separate settings and different testing schedules (e.g., shorter periods and more frequent breaks). Guidelines for Testing Disabled Students Guidelines provided by The Kentucky Department of Education (KDE) state that accommodations: †¢ Must be part of the student’s ongoing instructional program. †¢ May not be introduced for the first time during assessment. †¢ Must be â€Å"based on the individual needs of the students and not on a disability category.† †¢ Shall not â€Å"inappropriately impact the content being measured.† Table X lists the types of accommodations provided and their appropriate use. The problem is not necessarily a lack available accommodations improper use of them. Table X. Accommodations allowed in Kentucky’s accountability tests. Source: Journal of Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. As noted in the table above, there is a wide range of possible accommodations and situations where they may be employed. It is important to note that some accommodations are not restricted to students with disabilities; however, the more obtrusive ones are. 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The No child Left Behind Statute Free Essays

string(87) " within the parameters of elementary education set by the state \(Jim Donlevy, 2002\)\." The â€Å"No child Left Behind† statute introduced by President Bush and passed by the congress has created a number of problems for the educational programs intended for adolescents in elementary and secondary schools. The financial situation of the elementary and secondary schools is extremely poor because the states governments have been eliminating vital elementary educational programs. The school administrations have been reluctant to provide extended courses to the students. We will write a custom essay sample on The No child Left Behind Statute or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, the textbooks are not being printed consistently, making not only the students but also the teachers extremely vulnerable and helpless. The funding disparity has also created huge gaps between the education being provided to the children belonging to the rich families and those belonging to the poor ones. The shortcomings and the rhetoric behind â€Å"No child left behind† act needs to be exposed so that effective measures can be taken to curtail the damage (Susan, 2003). The consistent lack of attention being given to elementary and secondary education, particularly to adolescent literacy is posing a grave threat to the future of the American education system. The purpose of this thesis is to reveal the shortcomings of â€Å"No child left behind† law by first understanding the basic details of the act related to adolescent literacy programs and then persuasively assessing the loopholes in it. Lastly, the thesis gives carefully crafted recommendations aimed at not only the federal and state governments but also the school districts, parents and the educators. The aim is to create an understanding of the present and future needs for those educational programs that are aimed at adolescents and identifying the present gaps in the federal educational law. The American value of education emphasizes that all children, regardless of their gender, religion ethnicity should be able to acquire the basic skills of education and then carry those basic skills through to the elementary, secondary and high level education. Unfortunately, research has shown that the reality of the present education system is on the contrary. In a recent study, conducted by â€Å"National Assessment of Educational Progress† (NAEP, 2002), it has been noted that as much as 26% of the students are unable to read their textbooks fluently and almost half cannot comprehend the meaning of the text (Michael F. Hock and Donald D. Deshler, 2003). It is worth noting that the legislators and government officials realize the gravity of the situation but have been unable to cope with it. If nearly half of the students in the elementary schools are unable to effectively read their course books, then, these students will find higher education very difficult. The â€Å"No Child Left Behind† act has made things even more difficult because the focus has been on a long-term solution, whereas, it is imperative that the needs of the present generations are addressed immediately. This is because millions of students will be unable to cope with the demands of the future workplace needs if their basic educative skills are not enhanced at the right time (Michael F. Hock and Donald D. Deshler, 2003). The challenge for the present legislators, teachers, parents and school administrations is to counter the threat of adolescent illiteracy by introducing effective programs, backed by appropriate amount of government funds. The difficultly lies in the ineffectiveness of the present educational law to cater the needs of adolescents as the most problematical educational dilemma to deal with has been the deficiency in the reading, writing and speaking skills of adolescents. The present educational and political leadership need to create and implement productive adolescent educational programs, which are feasible in the present schooling environment (Michael F. Hock and Donald D. Deshler, 2003). Dough Mesecar, who is currently a senior policy adviser to the secretary of Education, while giving his comments on the present status of the NCLB act asserts in an interview, â€Å"The achievement scores are up, and we’re very pleased to see both the achievement gap starting to close, kids are learning more, a very positive report in the sense that the Center for Education Policy report is a self-survey, so these are states and districts reporting on their own to the center that their scores are up, achievement gaps are closing. So we feel very positive that this is yet another report showing the trends are definitely heading in a positive direction. † Contrary to the above statement, many experts believe that the â€Å"No Child Left Behind† act presents a grave threat to the American values. But, before revealing the shortcomings of the â€Å"No Child Left Behind† law, it is imperative that the basic features of the law that are related to elementary education are clearly understood. It is important to note that at least four areas of the act have been considered to have severe repercussions on the adolescent literacy. These four features are as follows: The â€Å"No child left behind† (NCLB) act encourages superior standards. The law makes it imperative that those schools, which are being supported by the government through funds, align their endeavors with the standards set by the local state. Furthermore, the law makes it imperative for these schools to employ only skilled and qualified workforce and only work on evidence-founded programs that are time-oriented and result-oriented. It is believed that these measures will enhance the level of education because it will not only minimize the inadequacy of unqualified teachers but also enhance learning as only scientifically verified teaching initiatives will be offered to the adolescents (Jim Donlevy, 2002). The law asserts that the annual progress of all the schools will be noted in relation to the competence achieved by the students in subjects such as mathematics and science, and in skills such as reading, writing and speaking. Standardized procedures and methods will be drafted to evaluate the progress of each district, school, as well as every group within each school. It is important to note that these â€Å"assessments† have put a great deal of added stress on all elementary schools because they have to align their educational endeavors within the parameters of elementary education set by the state (Jim Donlevy, 2002). You read "The No child Left Behind Statute" in category "Papers" The NCLB act has set very high standards for elementary schools all over America. If a particular school fails to meet the standards of the state for 2 successive years then that particular school will have to craft counteractive programs. Should the school fail to meet the State†s requirements for the 3RD consecutive year, tougher measures will be introduced, which may include replacements in the school workforce, complete modification of the school syllabus and maybe even state takeover (Jim Donlevy, 2002). The law allows parents to send their children to a school located in another district should their present school fail to meet the standards set by the State. The cost for this transfer of school along with the daily cost of transportation will be met by the local government. Furthermore, if the students attending these low-performing schools need home-tutoring or any other measure to augment their children†s achievements, then the local government will provide funds for those measures as well. The primary objective of the NCLB law is to enhance the possibility of success in elementary education for all Americans. This is being done by placing specific standards and then taking effective measures to make sure that these requirements are being met (Jim Donlevy, 2002). The most severe negative outcome for the elementary schools will be that they will loose their freedom to experiment with the instructional methods. While scientifically proven methods offer a great deal of benefits to the students, the creativity and progress in discovering newer and more effective instructional methods will be lost. Furthermore, while numerous research studies about effective reading methods have been conducted, very little research exists on other educative areas, such as speaking, writing and learning. Therefore, elementary teachers and schools will be finding it very difficult to meet the standards of the State (Jim Donlevy, 2002). Another major loophole in the NCLB act is that the â€Å"counteractive measures† for schools will be extremely costly. It is important to note that the measures set forth for under-performing schools are unfeasible to implement. If the number of schools that fail to comply with the standards set by the State for 2 successive years increases substantially, then the funds required to bring the necessary changes in the workforce, syllabus and structures of the schools or a complete State takeover will be extremely difficult to manage as the funds for education are being slashed every year by the Bush Administration (Jim Donlevy, 2002). The condition laid out by the NCLP to only employ specialized, qualified and licensed teachers is posing severe problems for struggling schools. It is vital to note that those schools that have either failed to or are struggling to comply with the standards set by the local government consistently employ replacement-teachers from far-off areas and are bound to face shortages of licensed teachers. Furthermore, many experts believe that this tendency will increase in the coming years and the struggling schools will face tougher challenges to meet this condition, while those schools that have been meeting the State†s standards of initiatives have been consistently employing certified teachers. Therefore, the persistence of the NCLB act to employ only licensed and specialized teachers has made it unrealistic for low-performing schools to meet this condition (Jim Donlevy, 2002). Additional troubling features of the NCLB Act The funds allocated for the successful implementation of NCLB are not only limited but also very poorly directed. While the NCLP act lays clear emphasis and provides adequate funds for crafting accountability structures and carrying out transformations for schools that fail to comply with the Standards of the State, it fails to provide adequate funds for conducting research on equally important academic areas for adolescents† literacy, namely, educator training and constant learning, the needs and interests of adolescents and framework for educating and learning in subject areas. This misdirection of funds will further hamper the progress of low-performing schools (Mark W. Conley and Kathleen A. Hinchman, 2004). Furthermore, NCLB gives very little consideration to the framework of literacy strategies. The three areas cited in the NCLB act are alphabetic acquaintance, fluency, and comprehension strategies. While the adolescents have been able to develop the first two categories (alphabetic knowledge and fluency), they have found the last category (comprehension strategies) to be extremely difficult. This is mainly due to the fact that new frameworks for subject-contents are being developed, which create the need for the development of newer comprehension strategies. Nevertheless, several studies have asserted that NCLB mirrors very limited research on this issue and sets a very restricted standard on strategies related to the development of newer comprehension strategies (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000; Snow, Burns, Griffin, 1998; Alexander Jetton, 2000). It is important to note that adolescents do not come prepared for the challenges they will face in their elementary and secondary education. One cannot wait for newer laws to be enacted or school reforms to be initiated. Immediate strategies have to be developed so that the present threats emerging from the NCLB act can be turned into an opportunity for all schools. The federal and local State governments should reflect on the following strategies for immediate and quick-fix actions: Firstly, recognizing those strategies that have been successfully implemented by high-performing schools and then enforcing the low-performing schools to adopt those strategies (Michael F. Hock and Donald D. Deshler, 2003). In order to present those successful strategies to low-performing schools and ensuring that they have comprehensively understood all the aspects of the strategies, the government ought to set up presentation-places to illustrate those plans and achievements (Michael F. Hock and Donald D. Deshler, 2003). Encourage programs that educate teachers on scientifically verified instructional methods. Despite the fact that confusion about the proper definition of adolescent literacy still prevails, modern research has been able to give some direction to the dilemma. These directions should be used as a framework to allocate funds for teacher training programs that have been clinically verified to be productive (Michael F. Hock and Donald D. Deshler, 2003). Increased consideration should be given to literacy instruction because no current teacher training programs inform the teachers about the difficulties they will face while dealing with the literacy instructions in their teaching careers (Michael F. Hock and Donald D. Deshler, 2003). These recommendations should be implemented with immediate affect because we are all aware that schools are very multifaceted and therefore manifold characteristics and strategies have got to be adopted (Darling-Hammond, 1997; Marzano, 2003). It is important for the government officials to note that neither the adolescents nor the teachers can be ignored because they both are the pillars for growth and development of any society (e. g. , Pressley, 2001; Strickland Morrow, 2000; Stronge, 2002) (Margaret Taylor, 2004) The â€Å"No Child Left Behind† act can be considered to be more idealistic than realistic because while the aims are very noble, the funds required to achieve these noble aims are very limited and a number of vital issues have been ignored. The State governments have been busy in establishing high standards of achievements for all schools without making efforts to really understand the complexities of the present system and the repercussions of their policies on the schools, parents, teachers and the students. Therefore, a proper reaction to the present threats being posed by the NCLB act should be thorough, carefully directed, and all-inclusive if across-the-board transformations are desired. Lastly, endeavors to bridge the differences amid the objectives and the present capabilities have got to be the most important concern if the aim is for adolescents to productively challenge the needs of the business and the society. How to cite The No child Left Behind Statute, Papers

Common Features and Future Challenges †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Common Features and Future Challenges. Answer: Introduction Investigation can be referred to as the act of investigating someone or something in a formal way or through research work and systematic examination. The main aim of investigation is getting all the facts in order to achieve a solution to a situation or complaint (Drupsteen and Guldenmund 2014). The main objective of this essay is to highlight the investigation methods and the Occupational Health Safety issues associated with the Burketown Queensland, Air crash which occurred today at 10 am. Occupational Health Safety refers to the health, safety and the welfare of people who are involved with some work (Purser and McAllister 2016). The essay throws light on the OHS issues related to the Air Crash and the risk management, preventive methods and regulations in order to control the hazards. It further discusses the personal preparations to be made before going to the accident scene, the actions to be undertaken, the equipments to be taken along and the investigation skills required. An air crash occurred in the morning, close to Burketown Queensland, Australia, which departed from Perth for Lenora. The Air traffic control contacted the pilot of the aircraft, whose speech became significantly impaired and as a result he couldnt respond to and follow the instructions of the official. As an investigator of the accident, it is very important to keep certain things in mind and undertake several preparations (Drupsteen and Guldenmund 2014). The actions to be undertaken An investigator must always accomplish his/her task with integrity, impartiality, respect and fairness. He/she needs to be well aware of all the company policies and communicate those to his/her team members. He/she should summarize the whole incident to the team members in a chronological manner. It is important to make a list of all the names associated with the incident, their background and the possible witnesses (Silei 2014). An investigator must be well aware of the Occupational Health Safety issues in the site where the accident took place. The probable hazards at the accident site are classified into several categories. It can be environmental, biological, physical, psychological and material. Firstly, being an investigator, he/she needs to deal with certain physical hazards like flammable substances, fire, pressurized gases and others. Secondly, contaminated dead bodies can lead to biological hazards. Thirdly, metal oxides, radioactive materials and chemical components of the crashed aircraft can also lead to health hazard (Purser and McAllister 2016). The investigator must wear fire protective clothes and suits in order to prevent physical hazards. He/she must have self contained respiratory apparatus for breathing as prolonged exposure can cause respiratory issues and skin problems as well. In order to prevent biological hazards, he/she should be fully covered with protective suit, work gloves and latex, goggles, face masks, boot and shoe covers, and have a disposal bag of biological hazards and disinfectants (Quinlan, Hampson and Gregson 2013). Undertaking these measures will help in preventing the virus from entering the body of the investigating personnel. The clothing and personal equipments which are used at the spot should be discarded properly. Portions of skin which are exposed and the equipments must be washed thoroughly with soap and water or with chlorine solution, in order to minimize the risk of health hazard (Moser and Kalton 2017). Necessary items to be taken The investigating personnel must be fully equipped when entering any accident sites in order to prevent the probable health hazards. Several precautions must be undertaken such as carrying personal equipments for protection. Equipments like fully covered body protection suit, work gloves and latex, along with face masks and goggles, boot and shoe covers. Accident areas are covered with dead bodies and blood which may result in airborne diseases, therefore covering the face with mask is a must (Jianyong et al. 2012). Carrying disinfectants is necessary, as an investigator can directly come in contact with the dead bodies. Equipments must also include breathing apparatus, full face canister respirators and fire extinguishers. Proper medicines and ointments must be carried the accident spot in order to stay safe from any kind of health issues or skin problems. Camera with recording capability with a memory card, voice recorder, tablet or laptop, flashlight, writing pad and pen, tape mea sures and other basic things must be carried to the spot (Okstad, Jersin and Tinmannsvik 2012). An investigator must consider his/her and the teams safety, by conducting a risk assessment. Firstly, an investigator needs to be well aware of all the company policies and communicate those to his/her team members. Secondly, a complete research work must be done beforehand, regarding the incident. Thirdly, an investigator should be able to identify the goal of an investigation that is carried out, to get the desired results. Along with that, identification of factual and legal issues is important before carrying out the investigation. He/she must not miss out any important piece of evidence. An investigator should have an open mind with an urge to know more and capacity to work in tough conditions (Jianyong et al. 2012). An investigator must always be well prepared beforehand, so that the investigation can begin without any delay. The longer he/she waits; the situation is more likely to get out of hand. Evidences may get lost or tampered, contaminated or washed away. For example, the marks of the tyre may get washed away. The investigator can request for the data list of the people who are directly or indirectly involved with the incident. Witnesses evidence plays a vital role in such kinds of incidents, to establish the investigation. The medical reports of the affected ones can also bring in new facts (Moser and Kalton 2017). Conclusion Investigators should always stay prepared to visit an accident spot at a very short notice. They must always keep their bag packed with equipments and personal items so that they can proceed and participate in any kind of investigation. Moreover, they must have strong presence of mind and perseverance, to achieve the goal. The working condition at times, are too risky, therefore personal safety measures must be undertaken. He/she must not hide or conceal facts from his/her team members. An open mind with an urge to know more can help an investigator on a long run. Last but not the least; an investigator must always collect all the important evidences as fast as possible because time is the greatest enemy in such cases. References Chambliss, D.F. and Schutt, R.K., 2012.Making sense of the social world: Methods of investigation. Sage. Drupsteen, L. and Guldenmund, F.W., 2014. What is learning? A review of the safety literature to define learning from incidents, accidents and disasters.Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 22(2), pp.81-96.Retrieved on 28 July 2017 at https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Linda_Drupsteen/publication/269098708 Jianyong, Z.H.O.U., Jianping, Z.H.O.U., Jiang, Z. and Haiyang, L.I., 2012. Investigation into pilot handling qualities in teleoperation rendezvous and docking with time delay.Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,25(4), pp.622-630. Moser, C.A. and Kalton, G., 2017.Survey methods in social investigation. Routledge. Okstad, E., Jersin, E. and Tinmannsvik, R.K., 2012. Accident investigation in the Norwegian petroleum industryCommon features and future challenges.Safety science,50(6), pp.1408-1414. Purser, D.A. and McAllister, J.L., 2016.Assessment of hazards to occupants from smoke, toxic gases, and heat.InSFPE handbook of fire protection engineering(pp. 2308-2428).Springer New York. Quinlan, M., Hampson, I. and Gregson, S., 2013. Outsourcing and offshoring aircraft maintenance in the US: Implications for safety.Safety Science,57, pp.283-292.Retrieved on 28 July 2017 at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753513000593 Silei, G., 2014. Technological hazards, disasters and accidents. InThe Basic Environmental History(pp. 227-253).Springer International Publishing.New York.